To understand how crisprcas immune interactions may contribute to the distribution and coevolution of p. To understand how the initial number of patches occupied in a. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and immigrations and decreases deaths and emigrations of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of local populations contained within it. Viruses that infect the widespread opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa have been shown to influence physiology and critical clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Optimal patch use and metapopulation dynamics springerlink. The role of metapopulations in conservation eprints soton.
To study the populationlevel consequences of local dynamics when migration rates are high hanksi and zhang 7 proposed the following patchbased metapopulation model. Metapopulations metapopulation discussions focus on species, each sharing a common genetic. A metapopulation approach to african lion panthera leo. Aug 31, 2009 we use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Salmonids serve as an interesting model, with which to address such questions. Metapopulation dynamics have received much attention in conservation and population biology, but the standard approach has also been criticized for being too restrictive, as it is based on the effects of habitat patch area and isolation only. To study how parameters c and e affect the population dynamics.
The simplest models of metapopulation dynamics make predictions about the effects of habitat fragmentation size and. Pulsed dispersal reduced patch occupancy and metapopulation longevity when habitat patches are relatively permanent. The metapopulation dynamics of the butterfly melitaea cinxia and the parasitoid cotesia melitaearum in the aland islands from 1995 to 2007. Testing metapopulation dynamics using genetic, demographic and ecological data t.
Much theory has been developed on the possible spatial dynamics of metapopulations, but there are very few empirical studies that adequately support or refute these theories. In real landscapes, timing and duration of disturbances can vary, and species responses to habitat changes will depend on how timing of dispersal and. A model for behavioral regulation of metapopulation dynamics. Metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. Disease invasion dynamics download ebook pdf, epub. Levineb a department of biology, tufts university, medford, ma 02155, usa b department of civil and environmental engineering, tufts university, medford, ma 02155, usa received 2 june 2003. Wherever wildlife management concerns the movement of individuals across structured habitat, its scale of operations will encompass metapopulation dynamics. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology songklanakarin j. We focus on understanding the effects of different forms of uncertainty on the distribution and abundance. Metapopulation theory and empirical studies of species distributed as.
Biology and conservation of owls of the northern hemisphere. The rapid loss and fragmentation of natural habitats worldwide has spurred an expanding theoretical literature on metapopulation dynamics, which is expected to answer questions about the minimum viable metapopulation size and the minimum amount of suitable habitat necessary for longterm metapopulation persistence. This volume contains the proceedings of the amsimssiam joint summer research conference on modeling the dynamics of human diseases. Dolrenry s, stenglein j, hazzah l, lutz rs, frank l a metapopulation approach to african lion panthera leo conservation stephanie dolrenry 0 jennifer stenglein 0 leela hazzah 0 r. The variability that they exhibit in migratory behaviour etc.
Roca, university of illinois at urbanachampaign, united states of america 0 1 nelson institute for environmental studies, university of wisconsin, madison. Dispersal between patches renders the metapopulation dynamics nonlinear the idependence of a makes equation 2. In brief, a metapopulation may go extinct when the size of habitat patches becomes too small leading to small local populations with high extinction probability andor when the number of habitat patches is decreased. To understand the basic concepts and dynamics of metapopulation and population stability with the help of mathematical models. Therefore, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the linearized dynamics determined by the structure of the jacobian depend on the state of the metapopulation e. An example of the dynamics of the metapopulation at shifting mosaic steady state for 100 of the 10,000 patches simulated. To understand how the initial number of patches occupied in a system affect the local extinction after n years. Many biologists and ecologists have developed models that find widespread use in theoretical investigations and in applications to organism behavior, disease control, population and metapopulation theory, ecosystem dynamics, and environmental management.
Integrating metabolic theory and movement ecology to. Numerous modi cations, extensions and applications have been reported in the literature. A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. We suggest a new approach, using the number of patches in the population as a large parameter.
I am particularly interested in the effects that life history variation has on metapopulation dynamics. However, their study did not account for local population dynamics and assumed all subpopulations to be. We define a metapopulation as a set of discrete populations of the same species, in the same general geographical area, that may exchange individuals through migration, disper. The local or withinpatch scale, individuals move and interact with each other in the course of their routine feeding and breeding activities population growth and regulation at the local scale are governed by the demographic processes birth and death the metapopulation or.
It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking work on the glanville fritillary butterfly. The simple models may be enriched by considerations of the effects of demographic and environmental stochasticity on the size and extinction probability of local. Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology. Metapopulations metapopulation discussions focus on species, each sharing a common genetic makeup, unique to the habitats where they live. Download file pdf ecology chapter 10 population dynamics population growth, and explore. As these metapopulation models are nite state markov chains, many quantities of interest can be calculated numerically, including the. Emerging paradigms and challenges, held in snowbird, utah, july 1721, 2005. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads.
In particular, we note alonso and mckane 1, who proposed a continuous time version. We analyse metapopulation dynamics in terms of an individualbased, stochastic model of a finite metapopulation. Adaptive dispersal was modelled using the marginal value theorem, such that predators departed patches when the instantaneous rate of prey capture was less than the longterm rate of prey. A metapopulation model with explicit local population dynamics.
Biology and conservation of owls of the northern hemisphere second international symposium february 59, 1997. Many species are distributed as metapopulations in dynamic landscapes, where habitats change through space and time. Models are needed for understanding and predicting metapopulation dynamics in changing landscapes. The term metapopulation was coined by richard levins in 1969 to describe a model of population dynamics of insect pests in agricultural fields, but the idea has been most broadly applied to species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking. A metapopulation model with explicit local population dynamics 3 local dynamics may produce models that predict biased results hanski 6. Empirical and theoretical investigations covers the 1989 proceedings of a metapopulation dynamics workshop held at lammi biological station, helsinki, finland.
Metapopulation dynamics a metapopulation is a collection of local populations loosely connected by migration and isolated from the remainder of the species levin, 1995. For simulations within each deme, we used a genetic model with two gender phenotypes determined by alleles at a sexdetermining region consisting of two linked loci su and s charlesworth and guttman, 1999. Testing metapopulation dynamics using genetic, demographic. A metapopulation model with explicit local population. The emergence of the rescue effect from explicit within. Despite the importance of connectivity in dynamic environments, few empirical studies have examined temporal. The dynamics of a metapopulation occurs over time and is characterized by successions of random local population extinction events, dispersal, and colonization of empty patches.
We compared the metapopulation dynamics of predatorprey systems with 1 adaptive global dispersal, 2 adaptive local dispersal, 3 fixed global dispersal and 4 fixed local dispersal by predators. Modeling the dynamics of life download ebook pdf, epub. In this exercise, you will use a spatially explicit metapopulation viability model to evaluate the impacts of alternative forest management scenarios on a metapopulation of marbled salamanders in. The emergence of the rescue effect from explicit within and. In this model, males are the heterozygous genotype su f s m su f s m i. Habitat patchiness, spatial subdivision, and local extinctionrecolonization dynamics are common in ecological systems, and many species are organized into metapopulations i. Ilkka hanski relating metapopulation dynamics to the structure of the environment, the size and isolation of habitat patches. It is divided into 18 chapters that cover various approaches to spatially structured population and community dynamics. Our research explores these sorts of ecological dynamics using mathematical tools, species record databases and experimental approaches. Population dynamics of epiphytic orchids in a metapopulation. In such cases, demographic extinction was the primary form of local extinction. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat to two or subpopulations.
Testing metapopulation dynamics using genetic, demographic and ecological data. Individuals locate habitat through dispersal, and the relationship between a species and landscape characteristics can have profound effects on population persistence. Metapopulation dynamics may facilitate cladogenesis. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller subpopulations. Metapopulation dynamics differs from population dynamics thus far in that it is governed by two sets. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local populations. Metapopulation dynamics in a broad sense are not restricted to systems with population turnover, extinctions and colonizations, but the concept developed here is based on levinss classic. Apr 07, 2014 dispersal between patches renders the metapopulation dynamics nonlinear the idependence of a makes equation 2. Metapopulation dynamics of the softshell clam, mya. It also includes practical applications to conservation biology. Integrating metabolic theory and movement ecology to understand metapopulation and community dynamics. Metapopulation theory and concepts are the central paradigm for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions. A challenge for conservation management is to understand how population and habitat dynamics interact to affect species persistence.
Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university. The model was originally based on studies with epiphytic bryophytes, but can be applied to other groups 30,46,47. Click download or read online button to get disease invasion dynamics book now. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. We tested the effects of habitat and population turnover rates on metapopulation establishment, persistence, and longterm patch occupancy.
Biology and conservation of owls, table of contents. Habitat destruction and metapopulation dynamics springerlink. Ecological context and metapopulation dynamics affect sex. Populations of butterflies and coralreef fishes are good examples of metapopulation. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology. Disease invasion dynamics download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Metapopulation dynamics of the mistletoe and its host in. Ecological modelling 183 2005 411423 a model for behavioral regulation of metapopulation dynamics j. The simplest models of metapopulation dynamics make predictions about the effects of habitat fragmentation size and isolation of habitat patches on metapopulation persistence. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution. The simulated metapopulation was initialised with 108 infected cells randomly distributed among the patches, and the animation spans 60 days day 40 to day 100 of the simulation. We suggest a new approach, using the number of patches in.
1463 880 177 684 1508 1123 757 809 1337 1179 1082 933 772 1506 1102 1523 977 1296 1348 1203 425 1418 515 946 667 503 186 1190 1063 1166 942 1005 499 1240 5 237 863 184 1246 196 322 1353 305 104 738 249 143